AI technology in Thai Civil Court filings has become increasingly common, prompting the Thai Civil Court to issue a new 2025 regulation governing how AI can be used in preparing pleadings and other documents submitted to court. The purpose of this regulation is to ensure accuracy, transparency, and fairness while maintaining the integrity of Thailand’s judicial system.
However, documents generated by AI can sometimes include:
- Incorrect legal interpretation
- Fabricated facts
- Non-existent case law or references
- Biased or misleading content
- Errors that could affect fairness and judicial efficiency
To prevent harm to parties and to preserve the integrity of the court system by using AI technology in Thai Civil Court filings, the Court has issued formal standards requiring transparency, disclosure, and verification when AI tools are used in drafting pleadings or any other documents submitted to court.
How the New Rules Affect AI Technology in Thai Civil Court Filings
Scope of the Regulation
The regulation applies to:
- Complaints and statements of claim
- Answers and counterclaims
- Motions, petitions, and written explanations
- Evidence-related documents
- Any written document submitted to the Civil Court
that is prepared wholly or partly using AI technology.
It applies to all litigants, representatives, lawyers, and persons authorized to submit documents on behalf of a party.
Key Principles of the Regulation
1. Obligatory Disclosure of AI Use
Parties must clearly disclose when a document filed with the court has been drafted in whole or in part using AI technology.
According to the regulation, such disclosure must include:
- The specific type or name of the AI tool
- The extent to which AI assisted in drafting
- A certification that AI-generated content has been verified for accuracy
This ensures the court is aware that artificial intelligence assisted in the preparation of the document and can evaluate the reliability of the content accordingly.
2. Responsibility for Accuracy Remains With the Filing Party
The Civil Court emphasizes that AI cannot replace human responsibility.
Even when AI is used, the submitting party must ensure that the information:
- Is accurate
- Is lawful
- Is not misleading
- Is supported by evidence
- Does not contain fabricated facts or citations
The court specifically states that parties cannot claim AI errors as an excuse for false, misleading, or incorrect statements in the document.
3. Court May Order Additional Verification
If the Civil Court finds that a pleading or document may contain inaccuracies due to AI, the court has authority to:
- Order the party to verify the information
- Require supporting evidence
- Direct the party to submit an amended or corrected version
- Reject the document if it fails to meet the standard
This protects other litigants from potential harm caused by flawed or unreliable AI outputs.
4. Prohibition Against Using AI to Evade Legal Duties
AI must not be used in any way that might:
- Avoid personal responsibility
- Conceal the identity of a drafter
- Generate fabricated evidence
- Create false legal claims or defenses
The court considers such misuse a violation of procedural integrity.
5. Court Officers Must Record AI-Related Issues in Proceedings
When the court identifies potential issues related to AI-generated content, court officers must record such observations in the case report for judicial review. This ensures transparency and consistent application of the regulation across cases.
Standard Form for AI Use Disclosure
The Civil Court also issued a sample form for parties who submit documents created with AI. The form allows the declarant to:
- Identify the document type (e.g., complaint, motion)
- Specify AI tools used
- Declare accuracy and responsibility
- Provide transparency for the court’s review
This form is included in the material you provided.
Implications for Litigators, Law Firms, and Businesses
1. Law Firms Must Implement AI Oversight Protocols
Legal practitioners must now establish internal policies to ensure proper review of AI-generated content, including:
- Human verification
- Proofreading and accuracy checks
- Legal citation validation
- Ethical compliance
2. Self-Represented Litigators Must Be Cautious
Individuals who rely on AI to draft pleadings must understand that the tool may produce inaccurate or non-compliant legal content.
Failing to review AI-generated material may result in:
- Rejected submissions
- Adverse court orders
- Delays in the case
- Credibility issues before the court
3. Businesses Using AI to Prepare Documents Must Ensure Objectivity
Corporate litigants must verify that AI systems do not generate biased or incomplete statements and that documents align with actual facts and data.
Risks of Non-Compliance
Failing to follow the new regulation may result in:
- Court rejection of the document
- Orders to correct or resubmit
- Warnings from the court
- Possible sanctions for misleading the court
- Reputational damage to the filing party or law firm
The regulation also emphasizes that AI must not be used to produce false or deceptive content, and that all information must comply with legal evidence standards under Thai law.
How This Regulation Upholds Judicial Integrity
The Civil Court highlights that the goal is not to prohibit the use of AI, but to ensure:
- Procedural fairness
- Transparency
- Accountability
- Consistency with global standards
- Protection of litigants’ rights
By establishing clear guidelines, the new rule supports innovation while safeguarding the justice process.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. Is AI prohibited in preparing pleadings in Thailand?
No. AI is permitted, but parties must disclose its use and take full responsibility for verifying accuracy.
2. Can AI-generated content be submitted without human review?
No. Human verification is mandatory. AI cannot replace legal judgment or factual accuracy checks.
3. Does this rule apply to all courts?
This regulation specifically applies to the Civil Court, but other courts may adopt similar rules in the future.
4. What happens if the AI-generated document contains errors?
The filing party is fully responsible. The court may order corrections or consider it a procedural defect.
5. Are lawyers required to disclose AI tools used for drafting?
Yes. The regulation mandates explicit disclosure whenever AI contributed to document drafting.
Conclusion
The 2025 Civil Court Regulation on the Use of AI Technology in Court Filings marks a significant step in Thailand’s integration of emerging technologies into the judicial system. By requiring disclosure, human oversight, and accuracy verification, the court aims to balance innovation with judicial reliability and fairness.
Law firms, litigants, and businesses should update their workflows, adopt internal compliance measures, and ensure that AI tools are used responsibly and transparently.
Reference: Court of Justice Thailand
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