Applying for a factory operating licence in Thailand involves more than completing an application form and submitting a machinery list. Depending on the factory’s activities, production capacity, building specifications and pollution-control systems, the application may require several sets of engineering drawings, calculations and professional certifications.
在泰国申请工厂经营许可证，不仅是填写申请表和提交机器设备清单。根据工厂的经营活动、生产能力、建筑物规格以及污染防治系统，申请材料可能还需要包括多套工程图纸、计算书及专业工程认证文件。
In each case, the document must be prepared or certified by an engineer whose discipline and licence level cover the relevant type, size and complexity of the work. Using an engineer from the wrong discipline—or one whose licence level does not cover the work—may result in requests for correction, replacement of the certifying engineer or resubmission of the engineering documents.
每份文件均须由其专业领域及执照级别涵盖相关工程类型、规模和复杂程度的工程师编制或认证。如工程师的专业不符，或其执照级别不足以承担相关工程，主管机关可能要求更换签署工程师、修改计算书或重新提交文件，从而延误审批并增加项目成本。
One Engineer Cannot Necessarily Sign Every Document
并非一名工程师即可签署全部文件
Under the Engineers Act B.E. 2542 (1999), the Ministerial Regulation Prescribing the Fields of Engineering Profession and Controlled Engineering Profession B.E. 2565 (2022), and the Council of Engineers’ regulations governing the qualifications of controlled engineering professionals at each licence level, the responsible engineer must satisfy several requirements.
根据泰国《工程师法》、关于工程专业及受管制工程专业的相关部级法规，以及泰国工程师委员会关于各级受管制工程专业人员资格的规定，负责相关工程文件的工程师必须符合多项法定要求。
First, the engineer’s licensed discipline must correspond to the nature of the work. The engineer’s licence level must also cover the type and size of the project, and the engineer must possess sufficient professional competence to design, calculate, inspect, supervise or certify that particular work.
工程师执照所载专业必须与相关工程性质相符，其执照级别还必须涵盖该项目的类型及规模。同时，工程师须具备足够的专业能力，以承担相关设计、计算、检查、监督或认证工作。
The correct signatory must therefore be determined by examining the substance and scale of each engineering component—not merely the title of the document.
因此，应根据每项工程的实际内容和规模判断签署资格，而不能仅根据文件名称决定。
1. Building Drawings and Structural Certification
1. 建筑图纸及结构安全认证
To begin with, building drawings, structural calculations and documents certifying the stability and structural integrity of a factory building generally fall within the scope of civil engineering.
工厂建筑图纸、结构计算书以及建筑物稳定性和结构安全认证文件，原则上属于土木工程专业范围。
For example, where an existing building is intended to be used as a factory, a structural inspection may be required to confirm that the building can safely support the proposed machinery, production activities, storage loads and other operational requirements. The inspection report and structural certification will generally require at least a civil engineer holding a Professional Engineer licence, subject to the building’s dimensions and structural complexity.
对于拟改作工厂使用的现有建筑物，可能需要进行结构检查，以确认建筑物能够安全承受机器设备、生产活动、仓储荷载及其他运营要求。相关检查报告及结构安全认证通常至少应由持有专业工程师级别执照的土木工程师负责，但仍须结合建筑物的尺寸及结构复杂程度进行判断。
By contrast, for a newly constructed, large or structurally complex factory building, a Senior Professional Civil Engineer may be required where the type or size of the work exceeds the permitted scope of a Professional Engineer.
对于新建、规模较大或结构复杂的工厂建筑，如工程类型或规模超出专业工程师的执业范围，则可能需要由资深专业土木工程师负责。
However, the distinction is not determined solely by whether the building is “existing” or “new.” Relevant considerations include the building type, floor area, height, number of storeys, structural span, materials, loading conditions and complexity of the work.
但工程师级别并非仅以建筑物属于”现有建筑”或”新建建筑”为判断标准。实际还应考虑建筑物用途、建筑面积、高度、层数、结构跨度、建筑材料、荷载条件以及工程复杂程度。
In addition, the application may also involve building permit documents, structural drawings and supporting certifications issued under the building-control regime. These documents should be reviewed together with the factory licensing requirements because approval of the factory operation does not automatically cure deficiencies in the building’s legal status.
申请材料还可能涉及建筑管制制度下的建筑许可文件、结构图纸及相关认证。这些文件应与工厂许可证要求一并审查，因为取得工厂经营批准并不会自动补正建筑物本身在许可或合法使用方面存在的问题。
2. Wastewater Treatment System
2. 废水处理系统
Similarly, factories that generate industrial wastewater may be required to submit details of the wastewater source, expected flow rate, pollutant characteristics, treatment process, treatment capacity and final discharge arrangements.
产生工业废水的工厂可能需要提交废水来源、预计水量、污染物特性、处理工艺、处理能力以及最终排放安排等资料。
The design, calculations and certification of an industrial wastewater treatment system generally fall within the scope of environmental engineering. For factory projects of a material scale, the relevant documents are commonly prepared or certified by an environmental engineer holding at least a Professional Engineer licence.
工业废水处理系统的设计、计算及认证，原则上属于环境工程专业范围。对于具有一定规模的工厂项目，相关文件通常由至少持有专业工程师级别执照的环境工程师编制或认证。
Even so, the required licence level must nevertheless be determined by reference to the treatment capacity, treatment technology, nature of the wastewater and scope of the engineering work. A small, conventional treatment system and a complex industrial treatment plant should not automatically be treated as equivalent.
但最终所需的执照级别仍应根据处理能力、处理技术、废水性质以及工程工作范围确定。规模较小的常规处理系统与复杂的工业废水处理设施，不应被视为具有完全相同的工程要求。
3. Air-Pollution Control and RTO Systems
3. 空气污染防治及RTO系统
Likewise, factories whose production processes generate fumes, volatile organic compounds, dust, odour or other air pollutants may need to provide calculations and technical details for their air-pollution control systems.
生产过程中产生烟气、挥发性有机化合物、粉尘、异味或其他空气污染物的工厂，可能需要提交空气污染防治系统的计算书及技术资料。
In particular, this includes Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer systems, commonly known as RTO systems. Relevant documents may include airflow calculations, pollutant-loading data, destruction efficiency, combustion temperature, retention time, pressure, fuel consumption, ducting and stack specifications.
这包括蓄热式热氧化炉系统，即通常所称的RTO系统。相关文件可能包括风量计算、污染物负荷数据、处理效率、燃烧温度、停留时间、压力、燃料消耗、风管以及排气筒规格。
In practice, the environmental-performance calculations for an RTO system generally require an environmental engineer holding at least a Professional Engineer licence. Depending on the system configuration, additional engineers may be required for mechanical equipment, electrical systems, combustion controls, ducting, pressure systems or supporting structures.
RTO系统的环境处理性能计算通常需要由至少持有专业工程师级别执照的环境工程师负责。根据系统配置，机械设备、电气系统、燃烧控制、风管、压力系统或支撑结构等部分，还可能需要其他相关专业工程师参与。
An RTO system should therefore not be treated as a single document requiring only one signature. Responsibility should be allocated according to the engineering content of each component.
因此，不应将RTO系统简单视为仅需一名工程师签署的一份文件。各工程组成部分应根据其实际专业内容分别确定责任工程师。
4. Machinery List and Production Layout
4. 机器设备清单及生产布局
In addition, a factory licence application commonly requires a detailed machinery list identifying the type, quantity, power and production capacity of the principal machinery and equipment.
工厂许可证申请通常需要提交详细的机器设备清单，列明主要机器设备的类型、数量、功率及生产能力。
Accordingly, the authorities use this information to understand the manufacturing process, calculate the factory’s installed machinery power, assess the scale of the operation and determine the applicable regulatory requirements.
主管机关将根据这些资料了解生产流程、计算工厂机器设备的总装机功率、评估经营规模，并确定适用的监管要求。
The machinery list, production process and machinery installation layout generally fall within the scope of industrial engineering. For medium-sized or large factory projects, these documents are commonly prepared or certified by an industrial engineer holding a Professional Engineer licence.
机器设备清单、生产流程以及机器设备安装布局，原则上属于工业工程专业范围。对于中型或大型工厂项目，相关文件通常由持有专业工程师级别执照的工业工程师编制或认证。
Again, the appropriate licence level will depend on factors such as the factory’s investment value, machinery power, production capacity, manufacturing process and complexity of the production system.
具体所需的执照级别应根据工厂投资规模、机器设备功率、生产能力、生产工艺以及生产系统的复杂程度确定。
At the same time, the machinery list should also be consistent with the factory layout, production flow, utility requirements and pollution-control calculations. Inconsistencies between these documents are a common reason for clarification requests during the application review.
机器设备清单还应与工厂布局、生产流程、公用工程需求以及污染防治计算保持一致。上述文件之间如存在不一致，往往会导致主管机关在审查过程中要求补充说明或修改。
5. Fire-Protection System
5. 消防及火灾防护系统
Finally, the Council of Engineers’ regulations recognise factory fire-extinguishing and fire-protection systems as controlled engineering work within the industrial engineering discipline.
根据泰国工程师委员会的规定，工厂灭火系统及火灾防护系统属于工业工程专业范围内的受管制工程。
Therefore, for many factory projects, the overall fire-protection plan and supporting documents will therefore require an industrial engineer holding a Professional Engineer licence. The required level must still be checked against the type and size of the system.
因此，在许多工厂项目中，整体消防方案及相关文件通常需要由持有专业工程师级别执照的工业工程师负责，但仍须根据系统类型及规模确认具体级别。
A complete fire-protection system may, however, involve several engineering disciplines. Fire pumps, piping, smoke-control systems, fire alarms, emergency electrical systems, water tanks and supporting structures may separately involve mechanical, electrical or civil engineering work.
但完整的消防系统可能同时涉及多个工程专业。例如消防泵、消防管道、排烟系统、火灾报警系统、应急供电系统、消防水箱及其支撑结构，可能分别涉及机械、电气或土木工程工作。
It is therefore unsafe to assume that one industrial engineer may certify every component of the fire-protection system. The engineering scope and responsibility of each signatory should be identified before the documents are prepared.
因此，不应直接认定一名工业工程师可以认证消防系统的全部组成部分。在编制文件前，应先明确各签署工程师的工程范围及责任。
How Is the Required Engineer Level Determined?
如何确定所需的工程师级别？
The engineer’s required licence level is not determined only by the name of the document. It must be assessed against the nature, type, size and complexity of the controlled engineering work.
所需的工程师执照级别并非仅由文件名称决定，而应根据受管制工程的性质、类型、规模和复杂程度进行评估。
For this reason, before appointing the engineering team, the project should be reviewed against the following factors:
在委任工程师团队前，应根据以下因素对项目进行审查：
- Factory category and manufacturing activities
- Machinery and total installed power
- Production capacity and investment value
- Building dimensions and structural system
- Types and quantities of raw materials and chemicals
- Wastewater characteristics and treatment capacity
- Air emissions and pollution-control technology
- Fire, chemical and operational risks
- The nature of the work, including design, calculation, supervision, inspection or certification
- 工厂类别及生产活动；
- 机器设备及总装机功率；
- 生产能力及投资规模；
- 建筑物尺寸及结构体系；
- 原材料及化学品的种类和数量；
- 废水性质及处理能力；
- 废气排放及污染防治技术；
- 消防、化学品及生产安全风险；
- 工程工作的性质，包括设计、计算、监督、检查或认证。
Only after reviewing these details can the appropriate engineering disciplines and licence levels be reliably determined.
只有在完成上述审查后，才能准确确定项目所需的工程专业及工程师执照级别。
Common Reasons Factory Licence Applications Are Delayed
工厂许可证申请延误的常见原因
Factory licence applications are frequently delayed because the applicant begins preparing documents before confirming the complete technical and regulatory scope of the project.
工厂许可证申请经常出现延误，其中一个主要原因是申请人在尚未确认项目完整技术及监管范围前，便开始编制申请文件。
Common problems include:
常见问题包括：
- Engineering drawings signed by an engineer from the wrong discipline
- The signatory’s licence level does not cover the project
- The machinery list does not match the factory layout
- Machinery power or production capacity is calculated incorrectly
- Structural documents do not reflect the actual building condition
- Wastewater or air-pollution calculations are incomplete
- Fire-protection documents cover only part of the required system
- Different engineering documents contain inconsistent information
- The proposed factory use is incompatible with the building or location
- 工程图纸由专业不符的工程师签署；
- 签署工程师的执照级别不足以承担相关项目；
- 机器设备清单与工厂布局不一致；
- 机器功率或生产能力计算错误；
- 结构文件未反映建筑物的实际状况；
- 废水或空气污染防治计算不完整；
- 消防文件仅涵盖系统的部分内容；
- 不同工程文件之间存在资料不一致；
- 拟开展的工厂活动与建筑物或所在地条件不符。
Consequently, these issues may result in repeated clarification requests, additional engineering costs and delays to the commencement of factory operations.
上述问题可能导致主管机关反复要求说明或修改，增加工程成本，并延误工厂正式投产。
Frequently Asked Questions
常见问题
Who signs the machinery list for a factory licence in Thailand?
机器设备清单、生产流程及机器设备安装布局，原则上属于工业工程专业范围。对于中型或大型工厂项目，相关文件通常由持有专业工程师级别执照的工业工程师编制或认证。具体级别应根据工厂投资规模、机器设备功率、生产能力及生产系统的复杂程度确定。
Does a wastewater treatment system need a separate engineer?
工业废水处理系统的设计、计算及认证，原则上属于环境工程专业范围，与负责机器设备清单的专业不同。对于具有一定规模的工厂项目，相关文件通常由至少持有专业工程师级别执照的环境工程师编制或认证，但仍须结合处理能力、处理技术及废水性质判断。
Can one engineer certify an entire RTO system?
不应将RTO系统视为仅需一名工程师签署的一份文件。其环境处理性能计算通常需要由至少持有专业工程师级别执照的环境工程师负责，而机械设备、电气系统、燃烧控制、风管、压力系统或支撑结构等部分，可能还需要其他专业工程师参与。各组成部分应根据其实际工程内容分别确定责任工程师。
Which engineer is responsible for the fire-protection system?
根据泰国工程师委员会的规定，工厂灭火系统及火灾防护系统属于工业工程专业范围内的受管制工程，因此整体方案通常需要由持有专业工程师级别执照的工业工程师负责。但完整的消防系统可能涉及多个专业，因为消防泵、消防管道、排烟系统、火灾报警系统、应急供电系统、消防水箱及其支撑结构，可能分别涉及机械、电气或土木工程工作。
How Lex Bangkok Supports Factory Licence Applications
Lex Bangkok工厂许可证一站式服务
We provide integrated factory-licensing support through a coordinated team of lawyers, factory consultants and licensed Thai engineers.
Lex Bangkok通过律师、工厂顾问及泰国持证工程师组成的协调团队，为客户提供工厂许可证一站式服务。
Our services may include:
我们的服务范围可包括：
- Factory classification and licensing assessment
- Review of land use, factory layout and building documentation
- Preparation and verification of the machinery list
- Preparation of engineering drawings and calculations
- Structural inspection and building stability certification
- Wastewater-treatment system design and calculations
- Air-pollution control and RTO system calculations
- Fire-protection system drawings and supporting documents
- Coordination of civil, industrial, environmental, mechanical and electrical engineers
- Verification of each engineer’s discipline and licence level
- Submission and coordination with the competent authorities
- Preparation of clarifications and corrections requested during the review
- 工厂类别及许可证要求评估；
- 土地用途、工厂布局及建筑文件审查；
- 机器设备清单的编制及核查；
- 工程图纸及计算书的编制；
- 建筑结构检查及稳定性认证；
- 废水处理系统的设计及计算；
- 空气污染防治及RTO系统计算；
- 消防系统图纸及配套文件的编制；
- 协调土木、工业、环境、机械及电气工程师；
- 核查各工程师的专业类别及执照级别；
- 向主管机关提交申请并进行协调；
- 根据审查意见准备说明及补充修改文件。
In every case, before commencing an application, we review the factory’s proposed activities, production process, machinery, building and environmental systems to identify the complete set of documents and engineers required for the particular project.
在启动申请程序前，我们将审查工厂的拟开展业务、生产流程、机器设备、建筑物及环境系统，从而确定该项目所需的完整文件及工程师团队。
Overall, this integrated approach reduces the risk of incomplete submissions, incorrect engineering signatories, inconsistent technical documents and repeated revisions during the licensing process.
通过一体化的项目管理方式，可降低因申请材料不完整、工程师签署资格不符、技术文件不一致或主管机关反复要求修改而造成的审批延误。
For a broader overview of the factory licensing process, see our guide to obtaining a factory licence and industrial project services in Thailand.
如需进一步了解泰国工厂许可证申请及工业项目服务，欢迎参阅Lex Bangkok的相关服务指南。
Planning to Establish, Expand or Relocate a Factory in Thailand?
Lex Bangkok can coordinate the legal, regulatory and engineering work required for the factory licence application—from the initial feasibility review and engineering documentation through to submission and regulatory approval.
如您计划在泰国设立、扩建或迁移工厂，Lex Bangkok可统筹工厂许可证申请所涉及的法律、监管及工程工作，从前期可行性审查、工程文件编制到申请提交及主管机关审批，为客户提供全流程支持。
Request a Factory Licence ReviewThis article provides general information on factory licensing and engineering certification requirements in Thailand and does not constitute legal or engineering advice. The applicable disciplines and licence levels depend on the type, size and complexity of each project. Obtain advice on your specific project before appointing an engineering team or submitting an application. Official guidance is published by the Council of Engineers.
本文仅就泰国工厂许可证及工程认证要求提供一般性信息，不构成法律或工程专业意见。适用的工程专业及执照级别取决于各项目的类型、规模和复杂程度。在委任工程师团队或提交申请前，请就具体项目取得专业意见。